Convallaria majalis
Lily of the valley Taxonomy
Synonyms: Subspecific taxa: Classification:
Other taxonomic & nomenclature sources: USDA Plants;  ITIS;  The Plant List;  IPNI Images
   
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Species Distribution
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County Map Legend
Absent: Not known from county Medium confidence: Medium or unknown confidence; often old records or unverifiable observations Medium-high confidence: Often observations by expert botanists High confidence: Often vouchered herbarium records Planted / introduced: Native species introduced outside historic range, or only in planted locations within county (e.g., restorations) Historic / extirpated: Only historic records for the species; likely extirpated (Note that this category is not yet functional) North American distribution maps for this species: FLNA;  USDA Plants;  BONAP;  BISON
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Species Status
Status/Listing: No Information Notes: Origin: Europe
Species Description
General: Monocot, perennial Roots: adventitious, rhizomes Shoots: alternate leaf arrangment; simple leaf type; entire leaf margin; Parallel leaf venation; oblong leaf shape Inflorescence: raceme Flowers: perfect; 3 merous; complete, regular; white; hypogynous ovary position Fruit: berry Physiology: autotrophic Reproduction: vegetative
Ecology & Natural History
Habitat: Species often escaped; is well established on moist wooded banks along streams, alluvial thickets, fields, roads, and railroads; is found with Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Acer saccharum, Prunus virginiana, Wauconda bog in Lake co. ILPIN Notes: Fruit is highly poisonous. It may cause dermatitis; whole plant is poisonous (Muensher). Cardiac glycosides convallarin and convallamarin; affect similar to digitalis (Stephens). Muenscher, W.C.L. 1939. Poisonous Plants of the United States. The Macmillan Co. N.Y., N.Y. 266 pp. Stephens, H.A. 1980. Poisonous Plants of the Central United States. Regent Press of Kansas. Lawrence, KA. 165 pp. Species is commonly cultivated and often escaped. Often it is difficult to ascertain whether a given colony is genuinely an escape or remnant of old planting. Species spreads only by tuberous roots in North America; not known to naturally produce seeds. Functional Relationships:
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