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Cladrastis kentukea
Yellowwood Taxonomy
Synonyms: Cladrastis kentuckea, Cladrastis lutea, Cladrastis lutea (Michx. f.) K. Koch Subspecific taxa: Classification:
Other taxonomic & nomenclature sources: USDA Plants; ITIS; The Plant List; IPNI Species Distribution
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County Map Legend
Absent: Not known from county Medium confidence: Medium or unknown confidence; often old records or unverifiable observations Medium-high confidence: Often observations by expert botanists High confidence: Often vouchered herbarium records Planted / introduced: Native species introduced outside historic range, or only in planted locations within county (e.g., restorations) Historic / extirpated: Only historic records for the species; likely extirpated (Note that this category is not yet functional) North American distribution maps for this species: FLNA; USDA Plants; BONAP; BISON
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Species Status
Status/Listing: State Endangered, Regional Forester Sensitive Species Notes: Origin: Native
Species Description
General: Dicot-woody, perennial Roots: primary Shoots: alternate leaf arrangment; compound, pinnately leaf type; entire leaf margin; Pinnate leaf venation; lanceolate, oblanceolate leaf shape Inflorescence: panicle Flowers: perfect; 5 merous; complete, irregular; white; perigynous ovary position Fruit: legume Physiology: autotrophic; C3 C02 fixation Reproduction: sexual
Ecology & Natural History
Habitat: Rich woods; calcareous bluffs; ravines. ILPIN Notes: Lateral leaflets are arranged alternately along the rachis; base of the petiole is swollen and completely encloses the winter buds. Northern range limit. Abundant flowering occurs only every second or third year (Robertson, 1977). The population at Wolf Creek Botanical Area in Alexander County is infected with Verticillium wilt (Robertson & Pusateri, 1976). Propagated by root cuttings or by seed. Seed should be covered with hot water (190 degrees Fahrenheit), allowed to set overnight, then stratified for three months at 40 degrees Fahrenheit (Robertson, 1977). Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1982. Woody plants of the Shawnee National Forest (Illinois). Castanea 47: 347-359. Robertson, K. R. 1977. Cladrastis: the yellow-woods. Arnoldia 37: 137-150. Robertson, P. A., and W. P. Pusateri. 1976. Structural analysis of a stand containing yellowwood in southern Illinois. Pages 119-130 in J. S. Fralish, G. T. Weaver, and R. C. Schlesinger, eds., Proceedings of the Central Hardwood Conference. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. The wood of yellowwood is hard, heavy, strong, and close-grained. It polishes nicely and was once used to make gunstocks and small articles of furniture. Wild trees fork too closely to the ground to be harvested commercially for lumber. The wood also tends to crack and check unless dried carefully. The branches are brittle and trees are susceptible to wind damage (Robertson, 1977). Functional Relationships:
Human Relationships:
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Coefficient of Conservatism (C-value) [?] :
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Illinois Natural History Survey - University of Illinois
