Illinois Natural History Survey - University of Illinois

Trillium grandiflorum
Large-flowered trillium
Taxonomy

Synonyms:

Subspecific taxa:

Classification:

Other taxonomic & nomenclature sources: USDA Plants;  ITIS;  The Plant List;  IPNI

Images

   
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Species Distribution
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More about map & occurrence records

County Map Legend
Absent:
Not known from county
Medium confidence:
Medium or unknown confidence;
often old records or unverifiable observations
Medium-high confidence:
Often observations by expert botanists
High confidence:
Often vouchered herbarium records
Planted / introduced:
Native species introduced outside historic range,
or only in planted locations within county (e.g., restorations)
Historic / extirpated:
Only historic records for the species; likely extirpated
(Note that this category is not yet functional)

North American distribution maps for this species: FLNA;  USDA Plants;  BONAP;  BISON

Collections, Observations & Flowering by Month [?]

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F
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M
0
A
0
M
0
J
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J
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A
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S
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O
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N
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D
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Collections & Observations by Decade [?]

Species Status

Status/Listing: No Information

Notes:

Origin: Native

Species Description

General: Monocot, perennial

Roots: adventitious, rhizomes

Shoots: whorled leaf arrangment; simple leaf type; entire, undulate leaf margin; Parallel leaf venation; lanceolate, obovate leaf shape

Inflorescence: solitary

Flowers: perfect; 3 merous; complete, regular; white; hypogynous ovary position

Fruit: capsule

Physiology: autotrophic

Reproduction: sexual, vegetative

Ecology & Natural History

Habitat: Species is distributed with Acer saccharum; Fraxinus americana, Quercus rubra, Tilia americana, Ulmus rubra; in swampy woods by Lake Michigan Dunes; with Fagus grandifolia and Acer saccharum.

ILPIN Notes: Regarding leaf venation, it may be parallel or other. Species is occasional in northern 1/2 of Illinois; very rare elsewhere. Seeds are dispersed by ants (Handel et al., 1981). Greens may be cooked for emergency use (Medsger). Species is used as an emetic, especially roots; fruits may be dangerous also (Pammel). Pammel, L.H. 1911. A Manual of Poisonous Plants. Torch Press. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 977 pp. Handel, S. N., S. B. Fisch, and G. E. Schatz. 1981. Ants disperse a majority of herbs in a mesic forest community in New York State. Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin 108: 430-437.

Functional Relationships:

  • Pollinators:
  • Dispersal: insect
  • Mycorrhizae:
  • N2 fixation:

Human Relationships:

  • Edibility [?] :
  • Showy Flowers:

Wildlife and Livestock Information:

  • Food Value:
  • Cover Value:

Coefficient of Conservatism (C-value) [?] :

  • Entire State: 8
  • Chicago Area: 8

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