Wolffia borealis
Water-meal, Spotted water meal, Northern water-meal Taxonomy
Synonyms: Wolffia punctata Subspecific taxa: Classification: Other taxonomic & nomenclature sources: USDA Plants;  ITIS;  The Plant List;  IPNI Species Distribution
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County Map Legend
Absent: Not known from county Medium confidence: Medium or unknown confidence; often old records or unverifiable observations Medium-high confidence: Often observations by expert botanists High confidence: Often vouchered herbarium records Planted / introduced: Native species introduced outside historic range, or only in planted locations within county (e.g., restorations) Historic / extirpated: Only historic records for the species; likely extirpated (Note that this category is not yet functional) North American distribution maps for this species: FLNA;  USDA Plants;  BONAP;  BISON
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Species Status
Status/Listing: No Information Notes: Origin: Native
Species Description
General: Monocot, biennial, annual Roots: Shoots: simple leaf type; entire leaf margin; linear, obovate leaf shape Inflorescence: solitary, other Flowers: unisexual, monoecious; incomplete, not petals, not sepals Fruit: other Physiology: autotrophic Reproduction: sexual, vegetative
Ecology & Natural History
Habitat: Species is distributed in cool waters of spring-fed lakes; standing water. It is very local in stagnant waters. ILPIN Notes: This species has thick thallus, no roots, 1 reproductive pouch. Its thallus is flat above, brown-punctate; upper surface with 1 terminal papilla. It is no longer than 1.5 mm. Most reproduction is asexual. Species is found throughout Illinois. This is considered as good fish food and cover; it is eaten by ducks and muskrats. Functional Relationships:
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