Illinois Natural History Survey - University of Illinois

Echinochloa crus-galli
Black millet
Taxonomy

Synonyms: Echinochloa crusgalli

Subspecific taxa:

Classification:

  • Magnoliophyta

Other taxonomic & nomenclature sources: USDA Plants;  ITIS;  The Plant List;  IPNI

Images

   
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Species Distribution
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More about map & occurrence records

County Map Legend
Absent:
Not known from county
Medium confidence:
Medium or unknown confidence;
often old records or unverifiable observations
Medium-high confidence:
Often observations by expert botanists
High confidence:
Often vouchered herbarium records
Planted / introduced:
Native species introduced outside historic range,
or only in planted locations within county (e.g., restorations)
Historic / extirpated:
Only historic records for the species; likely extirpated
(Note that this category is not yet functional)

North American distribution maps for this species: FLNA;  USDA Plants;  BONAP;  BISON

Collections, Observations & Flowering by Month [?]

J
0
F
0
M
0
A
0
M
0
J
0
J
0
A
0
S
0
O
0
N
0
D
0

Collections & Observations by Decade [?]

Species Status

Status/Listing: No Information

Notes:

Origin: Europe

Species Description

General: Monocot, annual

Roots: adventitious, fibrous

Shoots: alternate leaf arrangment; simple leaf type; entire leaf margin; Pinnate leaf venation

Inflorescence: panicle, raceme, spike

Flowers: perfect, other; 3 merous; complete; hypogynous ovary position

Fruit: grain

Physiology: autotrophic; C4 C02 fixation

Reproduction: sexual

Ecology & Natural History

Habitat: Species is distributed on waste ground, riverbanks, roadsides, and weedy situations, especially soils high in nitrogen.

ILPIN Notes: For genus, there is one sterile and one fertile floret per spikelet. Flowers in summer. For genus, spikelets are in 4 or more crowded ranks. For species, ring of short setae is where tip of fertile lemma adjoins the body of the lemma. Form - seeds planted up to late July or early August at 20-25 lbs/acre, 155, 000 seeds/lb. This pertains to marshbirds and shorebirds which eat seeds. Aquatic species food value refers to aquatic furbearers (especially muskrats) which eat plants. Suggested use of species is as meal. Seed company numbers: 1, 8, 11.

Functional Relationships:

  • Pollinators:
  • Dispersal:
  • Mycorrhizae: endomycorrhizal
  • N2 fixation: No

Human Relationships:

  • Edibility [?] :
  • Showy Flowers:

Wildlife and Livestock Information:

  • Food Value:
  • Cover Value:

Coefficient of Conservatism (C-value) [?] :

  • Entire State:
  • Chicago Area: 0

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